Mechanical efficiency is one of the most important aspects of orbital motor specifications. Imagine an orbital motor as an “energy converter”, precisely transforming the power of a high-pressure fluid (hydraulic energy) into the rotational movements required to drive a load (mechanical energy). The conversion process is not perfect, however. However, this conversion process is not perfect - some of the valuable energy is lost through internal friction and leakage. The key measure of the efficiency of this “energy conversion” is the mechanical efficiency. It directly determines how much power the motor delivers and the overall performance of the system. So what are the factors behind the scenes that quietly “steal” the efficiency of the motor?
1. Internal friction losses: the invisible “eaters” of energy.
Friction of moving parts: This is the biggest source of efficiency loss. orbital motor's internal core components - such as piston and cylinder, gear teeth, blades and stator rings, bearing races, etc. - are always in high-speed relative motion. The frictional resistance between them (including sliding and rolling friction) directly consumes energy and is converted into heat. The greater the friction, the less the actual output torque of the drive load, and the efficiency naturally decreases.
Influencing factors: machining accuracy (rough surface friction is greater), material matching (whether good self-lubricating), lubrication conditions (whether the oil film can effectively isolate the contact surface), the work load (the greater the pressure, the greater the contact surface compression force, the greater the friction), and rotational speed (high speed friction heat increased).
2. Parts fit clearance: the art of fine balance
A small gap must exist between parts to ensure flexible movement and lubrication. However, this clearance is a “double-edged sword”:
Excessive clearance: internal leakage increases dramatically, leading to the aforementioned friction losses and energy wastage, and a significant reduction in mechanical efficiency.
Too little clearance: Although leakage is reduced, direct contact between parts can result in increased dry friction (especially at start-up or low speeds) or even seizure, again seriously jeopardizing efficiency and motor life.
Key Challenge: Wear and tear gradually increases the fit gap; temperature changes cause parts to expand and contract, and the gap changes dynamically. Good design and manufacturing is about finding this golden balance and maintaining it as long as possible over the life of the motor.
3. Fluid Characteristics: The “Invisible Guardian” of Efficiency
Fluid viscosity has a profound effect on efficiency.
Too high viscosity: the fluid in the moving parts between the flow resistance (viscous friction loss), especially in the low-temperature start-up, resulting in a “sticky” feeling, consuming a lot of energy to overcome its own resistance, low efficiency.
Too low viscosity: The oil thins out, making it difficult to form a film of sufficient strength to isolate the friction surfaces, leading to an increase in boundary friction or even dry friction; at the same time, internal leakage is significantly increased. Both are serious blows to mechanical efficiency.
Cleanliness: contaminants in the oil (metal shavings, dust) as fine “abrasive”, will accelerate the wear of moving parts, expanding the fit gap, increase internal leakage and friction, the formation of a vicious cycle of continuous decline in efficiency.
Lubricity: Good lubricity helps to form a tough oil film on the surface of the friction partner, reducing direct metal-to-metal contact and the coefficient of friction, which is the basis for improving efficiency.
The pursuit of greater mechanical efficiency depends not only on precision manufacturing, wear-resistant materials and optimized design to reduce friction and maintain ideal clearances, but also on selecting the right viscosity, superior cleanliness and excellent lubrication properties of the working fluid. It is only by striving for excellence in these details that orbital motor specifications can continue to improve, and orbital motors can produce more powerful, longer-lasting and more economical power.
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