The orbital motor is a common hydraulic actuator with a unique structure and working principle, which makes it widely used in many fields. This article will introduce orbital motor features in detail from the aspects of structure, performance and application:
1.Structural features
①Compact and lightweight
Adopting the principle of cycloid meshing design, the internal structure (such as rotor, stator, flow distribution disk, etc.) is highly integrated, the volume is reduced by about 30% to 50% compared with the traditional gear motor, and the weight is lighter, which is easy to be installed in space-restricted equipments (such as the rotary mechanism of the construction machinery).
No complex oil distribution valve group, through the stator and rotor meshing directly realize the conversion of hydraulic energy to mechanical energy, the structure is simplified.
Fewer and more wear-resistant parts
Core components (such as rotor, stator) made of high-strength wear-resistant materials (such as ductile cast iron, alloy steel), the surface is quenched or chrome-plated treatment, strong wear resistance, long service life.
2.Performance Characteristics
①Low speed and high torque
It can run stably at very low speed (e.g. 5~10r/min) and output large torque (up to hundreds of Nm), which is suitable for the scenario of “low-speed and heavy-duty” (e.g. mold clamping mechanism of injection molding machine, traction device of agricultural machinery).
With low torque pulsation, the smoothness of operation is superior to that of gear motors, making them especially suitable for equipment requiring high motion accuracy (e.g., robot joint drives).
High efficiency and reliability
Volumetric efficiency can reach more than 90%, low energy loss, suitable for long-term continuous work.
Internal parts of the force uniformity, no radial unbalance force, bearing load is small, low failure rate, long maintenance cycle (usually more than 10,000 hours of operation without overhaul).
③Bidirectional rotation and reversibility
By changing the direction of hydraulic oil input, it can easily realize forward and reverse rotation, and the impact is small when changing direction, which is suitable for the working conditions that require frequent change of direction (such as the ship's rudder, mining machinery traction mechanism).
3. Application adaptability characteristics
①Strong anti-pollution ability
Internal moving parts clearance is large, the cleanliness of the hydraulic oil requirements are low, can work in the impurity content of the hydraulic system, suitable for field operation equipment (such as excavators, loaders).
② shock and overload resistance
With a certain degree of overload capacity, a short period of time to withstand more than 30% of the rated pressure of the shock load, not easy to damage, suitable for harsh conditions (such as metallurgical equipment, construction machinery).
③Convenient installation and maintenance
Standardized interface (such as SAE, ISO interface), can directly replace other types of motors, installation compatibility.
No need to dismantle the complex structure during maintenance, only need to replace the seals or bearings and other wear parts, low cost and short time consuming.
4. Limitations
①Limited high-speed performance
The maximum speed usually does not exceed 3000r/min (much lower than the gear motor), is not suitable for high-speed operation of the scene (such as machine tool spindle drive).
②Weak precision and control capability
It is a quantitative motor (partially adjustable speed), the speed control accuracy is not as good as servo motor, and it is not suitable for precision equipments that require very high motion accuracy (e.g. semiconductor manufacturing equipments).
5.Typical Application Scenarios
Engineering machinery: excavator slewing motor, loader drive wheel motor.
Agricultural machinery: combine harvester cutting table drive, tractor hydraulic suspension system.
Marine equipment: ship anchor, underwater robot propeller.
Metallurgical equipment: rolling mill press down device, steel mill ladle tipping mechanism.
With the core advantages of “low speed and high torque, compact structure and shock resistance”, orbital motor is a cost-effective power element in the industrial field with outstanding performance under heavy load and severe working conditions. When choosing an orbital motor, it is necessary to weigh its advantages and disadvantages according to the actual needs (such as speed, torque, environmental conditions) in order to realize the best performance.
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